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LONDON -- One in four professional footballers said they suffer symptoms of anxiety and depression in a new study into the sports largely unexplored "dark side" of mental illness. The mental health of recently retired professional footballers was even more worrisome, with one in three reporting signs of anxiety and depression. Some 300 current and former professionals -- from the Netherlands, Major League Soccer, Scotland, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand -- took part in the study for the players union, FIFPro. While football can draw on reams of scientific study about players physical injuries, little research has previously been done into their mental health, and mental health problems have remained very much taboo in the sport, FIFPro chief medical officer Vincent Gouttebarge said. "There is definitely some dark side of professional football," he said in an interview. "We dont talk about mental health issues in football, or we didnt talk about this issue," he added. "Its quite a macho culture so people do not talk about it." Gouttebarge said the studys findings suggest that professional footballers are no less prone to mental illness than other younger people in the general population. He said that might surprise fans who believe footballers live comfortable, worry-free lives, with media attention often focusing on the wealth of the most successful players. "Contrary to what people think, professional footballers experience psychological problems just like other groups in the population," Gouttebarge said. Among the 180 active footballers who responded to the lengthy questionnaire, 10 per cent reported symptoms of distress, five per cent reported signs of burnout and three per cent said they suffered from low self-esteem. Nearly 20 per cent reported problems with alcohol, which Gouttebarge said could include binge drinking and regularly drinking too much, and seven per cent said they smoked. The 121 former professionals who responded on average had 12-year playing careers and have been retired for five years. Fifteen per cent showed signs of burnout and 18 per cent signs of distress. One in three reported drinking problems, 12 per cent smoked, and 39 per cent reported suffering from depression and anxiety. Gouttebarge said that could include worrying, mood swings, difficulties sleeping, feeling stressed, not being sociable or a combination of symptoms. "Mental illness seems to occur among former professional footballers more often than in current players, and more often than in other populations. Consequently, mental illness among former professional footballers cannot be underestimated and should be a subject of interest for all stakeholders in football," the study said. Retirement was "really a critical period," with players abruptly losing the structure of regular training and the support of being in a club, Gouttebarge said. "You have to find a new life," he said. "It can put you under a lot of stress." Long-term injuries and surgeries that take players out of the game and away from close, regular contact with teammates can also be factors in mental health problems. Being forced to stop playing professionally because of injury or because clubs wont offer another contract can be particularly hard to cope with, Gouttebarge noted. "This has been recognized in other sports as a huge cause of mental health issues," he said. "The guy who is willing to retire or to stop his career is really (in) a different kind of situation to the one who is forced to retire." He called the study "a good first step" toward identifying the scope of mental health issues in football. The survey is expanding to players in France and from French-speaking nations in Africa, with plans to also study players in Spanish-speaking countries and Japan, Gouttebarge said. Kristaps Porzingis Jersey . 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The Canadiens Get: LW Thomas Vanek and a conditional fifth-round pick. Patrick Ewing Jersey . Bowditch, the 30-year-old Australian seeking his first PGA Tour title, shot a 4-under 68 to reach 12 under at TPC San Antonio. Matt Kuchar and Andrew Loupe were tied for second. Kuchar shot 65, and Loupe had a 70.AUSTIN, Texas - Nico Rosberg earned a chance to tighten his Formula One championship duel with Mercedes teammate Lewis Hamilton by winning the pole position Saturday for the U.S. Grand Prix, while the race faced an early threat of a boycott by several teams that are struggling financially.Rosberg edged Hamilton by .376 seconds at the Circuit of the Americas. Valtteri Bottas of Williams will start third.Hamilton leads Rosberg by 17 points in the drivers championship with three races left.Saturdays qualifying was clouded by the roiling tensions between Formula Ones wealthiest teams and those struggling to survive. Two teams, Marussia and Caterham, had already dropped out of Sundays race because of financial problems, reducing the grid to at most 18 cars, the smallest in nine years.For most of the day, it looked as if it could get much smaller.Sahara Force India deputy principal Bob Fernley said his team, Sauber and Lotus discussed a potential Sunday boycott or pulling out after one lap, and insisted both options could happen.But the threat seemed to fade by late afternoon.Lotus officials dismissed the chance of sitting out the race. Sauber team principal Monisha Kaltenborn declined to comment on a boycott, but later said her team wanted to maximize driver Adrian Sutils first top-10 qualifying position this season.Then Formula One commercial boss Bernie Ecclestone and Circuit of the Americas Chairman Bobby Epstein said the teams will race.Forget all that, Ecclestone said. They will be racing, I give you a guarantee, but I worry if they will be racing next year.The mere threat of action conjured images of the disastrous U.S. Grand Prix of 2005, when a boycott over tire safety left only six cars racing. Winner Michael Schumacher was booed on the podium, the traditional champagne celebration was cancelled and the public address announcer implored fans not throw things.The current conflict between top teams and those struggling to survive reached the critical stage this week with the collapse of Maarussia and Caterham.ddddddddddddLotus, Sahara Force India, and Sauber sparred with Mercedes and McLaren officials in a contentious news conference Friday, arguing whether Formula One should adopt spending caps or other means to help smaller teams survive.Ecclestone further enflamed the situation by telling Sky Sports that small teams are needed only if they are going to be there performing properly and not moving around with begging buckets.Rosberg and Hamilton, who have waged a season-long duel for the title, declined comment on the boycott threat.Former Formula One world champion Jackie Stewart said a boycott would harm the teams, their sponsors and Formula One just three years into the sports re-emergence in the American market.I cant imagine that would be a sensible thing for any team to do, Stewart said. Formula One is the largest commercial sport in the world. Thats the last thing you want to be playing around with.The small teams dont want to damage Formula One but want to be heard, Fernley said.The last thing anybody wants to do, particularly the owners of these three teams, who are pure racers, would be to damage anything, Fernley said. But youve also got to understand that Formula One is also damaging them at the moment. There has to be some form of coming together.On the track, Rosberg earned his ninth pole of the season as Mercedes locked up the top two spots for the 10th time.First place today is awesome, Rosberg said, but its the race that counts.Hamilton posted the fastest times in all three practice sessions, only to have problems with locking brakes in qualifying. Hamilton is chasing his ninth victory of the season. He has won three times when starting outside of the pole and won here in 2012 with McLaren.Rosberg has four wins this season.Defending race and world champion Sebastian Vettel of Red Bull will start Sunday from pit lane after incurring a penalty for using his sixth engine this season. He participated in only the first of three qualifying rounds. 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